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Facing resistance: 6 success factors in change management

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Resistance as a positive resource for the change process

Are you currently facing the challenge of dealing with resistance in change management?
Resistance in the change management process almost always occurs and is therefore no cause for concern. The conscious engagement of those affected by the change and its associated impacts is a completely normal reaction to a new and unfamiliar situation. Sustainable change management requires people to change their work habits, behavior, or attitudes. This human component is crucial to the success of any change initiative, regardless of the technical or organizational aspects. When change succeeds on a human level and is closely integrated with professional project management, the chances of achieving the planned return on investment (ROI) increase significantly. This insight is supported by numerous studies and years of practical experience in change management consulting.

Often, during the first consulting meetings, the question is not so much about the ROI but rather how to deal with the expected resistance. Therefore, it is worth taking a closer look at the issue of resistance. Resistance is a natural reaction to change and provides valuable insights into the fears, concerns, and needs of those affected. It can be used as an opportunity to shape the change process and, in the long run, achieve greater acceptance and engagement within the company. Those who recognize resistance early and manage it professionally lay the foundation for sustainable and successful change.

In this article, you will not only learn about the different types of resistance that can occur in change management and the reasons behind them but also gain useful tips on how to handle it effectively. By purposefully integrating resistance into organizational development, you can benefit from it.

The Importance of Resistance in Change Management

Resistance in change management is a central issue that presents both challenges and opportunities. Anyone looking to shape or drive change will inevitably encounter resistance. This is because organizational change processes can have profound impacts on work practices, company culture, and individual employee roles. Such transformations are often accompanied by resistance, which can manifest in various forms—from open rejection to subtle behavioral changes that undermine the implementation of new strategies.

Resistance is not just a barrier, but also a valuable source of information. It can provide insights into which aspects of the change process may not have been sufficiently thought through or communicated. By understanding and analyzing this resistance, leaders can intervene more effectively, adjusting communication and support mechanisms to increase acceptance of the change.

Resistance can also serve as an indicator of the need for greater employee involvement in the change process. When employees feel that their concerns are heard and considered, they are often more willing to support the change process. This requires transparent communication, regular and constructive feedback, and, if necessary, adjustments to the strategy. What may sound simple in theory often presents the biggest hurdles in practice. A widespread phenomenon in this context is the term “false harmony”: False harmony refers to a situation in which outward harmony or agreement is feigned, even though conflicts or tensions actually exist. “It may seem as if employees are consciously pretending to maintain harmony, but in many cases, this is unconscious and unintentional.” It often reflects superficial agreement that doesn’t stem from genuine or authentic feelings but rather serves to avoid conflict or maintain a certain image. False harmony often occurs in groups or teams. However, much work is required within and on the group to enable open and free communication. It takes time for a team to grow together, ideally before embarking on a change process.

Another important aspect is recognizing resistance as a natural part of the change process. Instead of viewing resistance as a disruption or obstacle, leaders should understand it as an opportunity to foster engagement and support through targeted measures and adjustments. By proactively addressing resistance and involving affected employees in the process, organizations can not only make the transition to new ways of working smoother but also promote a positive and constructive corporate culture. Of course, the individual situation should be considered before rolling out any actions. In practice, many leaders find it helpful to work with a coach who can address the individual’s development areas while also encouraging critical reflection and providing the right approaches for managing and guiding the respective team.

6 success factors for dealing with resistance

With participative approaches, a clear vision and targeted support, you can successfully shape change. Examples of possible useful approaches in dealing with resistance include:

  • Creating a participatory environment: By giving employees the opportunity to actively participate, they not only feel heard but also see themselves as active contributors to the change process.
  • Clear vision and guiding principles: A clear vision of the desired future and strong guiding principles can help focus attention on the positive aspects of the change and motivate employees.
  • Training and support: Through targeted training and support, employees are equipped with the necessary skills and resources to successfully implement the upcoming changes. This can help reduce fears of the unknown and build confidence in the change process.
  • Managing emotions: Change can trigger emotional responses in employees. Leaders should recognize these reactions with empathy and address them appropriately. It’s important to offer support measures to accompany employees through this process and give them a sense of security.
  • Feedback and adjustment: Considering the type of feedback desired and making adjustments when necessary to respond to new challenges and concerns shows flexibility. This simultaneously promotes the organization’s adaptability and makes it more resilient to future changes.
  • Leadership role models: Leaders should fully support the change and actively promote it. This is crucial for strengthening their credibility and fostering trust in the change process among employees.

Understanding Resistance

Typical Forms of Resistance

Typical forms of resistance in change management can be varied and manifest in different ways. These forms of resistance often occur during various phases of the change process and require specific strategies for resolution. Based on everyday experience, some examples include:

Open Rejection: This form of resistance is expressed through direct expressions of dissatisfaction or protest against the change. Employees may vocally express their concerns, disagree in meetings, or openly work against the new guidelines or processes. While this direct form of resistance can be uncomfortable, it provides clear indications of the reasons for the resistance and enables leaders to intervene effectively.

Passive Resistance: In contrast to open rejection, employees exhibiting passive resistance do not express their discontent directly but show it through subtle changes in behavior. This can include delaying or postponing tasks, showing a lack of initiative, or a decrease in work performance. This form of resistance can be harder to detect and address since it is often indirect and less obvious.

Delay Tactics: Employees may try to hinder the change process through various delay tactics, such as postponing decisions, avoiding meetings, or slowly advancing projects. These tactics can significantly slow down the implementation of new systems or processes, posing additional challenges for leadership.

Distortion of Information: Another form of resistance manifests in the deliberate or unconscious distortion of information. Employees may misinterpret, exaggerate, or downplay information about the change process, leading to misunderstandings and confusion. This form of resistance can be amplified by unclear communication or insufficient training.

Formal or Informal Group Dynamics: Resistance can also occur within groups or teams when informal leaders or interest groups work against the change. These group dynamics may be shaped by shared beliefs or interests, strengthening the resistance as group members reinforce each other’s opposition.

Understanding the Causes and Reasons for Resistance

The causes of resistance in change management are varied and often deeply rooted in individual and organizational dynamics. Understanding these causes is crucial to effectively addressing resistance and making the change process smoother. Some potential causes include:

Fear of the Unknown: People tend to reject change when they are uncertain about what is to come. This fear can be heightened by unclear information about the change process, a lack of details about new tasks, or the fear of losing their job. Uncertainty and ambiguity lead to stress and resistance, as employees don’t know how to adapt.

Lack of Involvement and Participation: If employees are not involved in the change process or feel that their opinions are not being heard, this can lead to resistance. A sense of powerlessness or lack of participation opportunities can significantly diminish the acceptance of new changes.

Insufficient Communication: Poor or ineffective communication can fuel mistrust and resistance. If information is not provided in a timely, transparent, or understandable manner, employees may make false assumptions and resist the changes. Clear, open, and continuous communication is therefore essential.

Lack of Support and Training: Changes often require new skills and knowledge. If employees are not sufficiently trained or supported, they may feel unprepared or overwhelmed. A lack of further education and support can lead to frustration and resistance, as employees feel unsure of how to meet the new requirements.

Poor Processes on a Personal Level: Resistance can also stem from dissatisfaction with the new processes. If previous systems or methods were perceived as effective and acceptable, the introduction of new processes may be seen as unnecessary or disruptive. In S/4 projects, for example, processes that occur on a personal level can be perceived as “complicated,” while the end-to-end process gains in transparency and clarity.

Negative Experiences with Past Changes: Previous experiences with change processes can influence behavior toward new changes. If employees have had negative experiences in the past, such as poor implementation or failed projects, this can foster distrust of new initiatives and lead to resistance.

Loss of Control and Autonomy: Changes can make employees feel like they are losing control over their work or tasks. A perceived loss of autonomy and decision-making power can lead to resistance.

Understanding the causes and reasons for resistance is important for the success of change, as it allows leaders to address the concerns, fears, and doubts of those affected. Resistance often stems from uncertainty, fear of loss, or a lack of trust in the change. By recognizing these causes, measures can be developed to minimize resistance, promote acceptance, and make the change process more effective and sustainable. A good understanding of the perspectives of those involved is thus critical to the success of change projects. It is important to focus on the individual situation rather than relying on a “standard” methodology. Resistance is normal and unavoidable in any change process, even when all the points mentioned are taken into account. The goal is to reduce resistance and manage it effectively, not to eliminate it entirely.

Take the test and learn more about your Change Management strategy:

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Ready for S/4HANA? Before an SAP project, you should carry out a “Change Readiness Check” to identify potential stumbling blocks at an early stage. The survey contains 19 questions and measures 11 essential criteria: From change impact to the evaluation of the change management strategy.

Why Is External Support Valuable?

External consultants bring valuable expertise and a neutral perspective to change projects, helping to make unbiased decisions. They can introduce best practices and proven methods from other projects, increasing the effectiveness of the change. Additionally, they assist in overcoming internal resistance by acting as independent moderators among stakeholders. Their experience accelerates the change process and minimizes the risk of failure.

  • Experience and Expertise: External change management experts bring extensive experience from various industries and projects. They are familiar with proven methods and techniques that effectively support the change process.
  • Objectivity: As outsiders, external consultants offer a neutral perspective, free from internal politics or emotional ties. This objectivity allows for clear identification of problems and the development of unbiased solutions.
  • Resource Enhancement: External support can relieve internal resources, ensuring that daily operations continue smoothly while the change process progresses.
  • Employee Empowerment: A key component of change management is empowering employees. External experts develop training programs and coaching initiatives to prepare employees for new demands and strengthen their capabilities.
  • Cultural Adaptation: External change managers assist in creating a company culture that views change as an opportunity and promotes continuous improvement.
  • Sustainability: A systemic approach ensures that changes are sustainable and benefit the organization in the long term.

By combining these factors, external support in change management can significantly contribute to project success and strengthen the organization in the long term. External consultants are also not conflict-averse and don’t cling to a single method or model. Overall, it’s important that external consultants are aware of their role and the possible perceptions and communicate transparently to build trust. Impartiality is often an aspirational goal, but it is not always easy to achieve. However, the likelihood of achieving it is higher than when assigning this role internally. Impartiality is crucial for consultants because it means considering all perspectives and interests equally, without taking sides. This fosters trust and creates an open atmosphere where all stakeholders feel heard and understood. Through impartiality, the consultant promotes fair and constructive dialogue, enabling conflict resolution, the development of common solutions, and stronger collaboration. This mindset is essential to support sustainable change and positive development, as it fosters the participants’ responsibility and takes into account the complexity of the situation.

Conclusion

Summary of Key Insights

Resistance in change processes is normal because changes in behavior, procedures, processes, and methods push us out of our comfort zones. This reduces our sense of security and increases the fear of failure. Resistance in change management can, however, highlight weaknesses in the process and provide opportunities for improvement, such as in communication and employee involvement. Strong employee engagement, including transparent communication, is also crucial for the acceptance and success of change. Resistance manifests in various ways, such as direct rejection, passive delays, or group formations, and often results from uncertainty and a lack of support. Successful change management requires clear communication, active employee involvement, a positive company culture, and targeted training. External consultants offer objective perspectives and proven methods that support the sustainable implementation of changes. Ideally, their impartiality fosters trust and effective conflict resolution. Don’t fall into the illusion of control during change projects. Even if your toolbox is well-stocked, there will be no lasting change if your organization does not address the underlying mindset. Moreover, the question remains: Are you ready to face resistance and move into the shaping phase?

Outlook on the Future of Change Management

Change management will play an indispensable role in the future of work. In a constantly changing work environment, it is essential for companies to foster a culture of change and leave behind outdated structures. Through targeted change management measures, employees are not only supported in overcoming uncertainties and resistance but also empowered to actively shape their work environment. This strengthens their ability to flexibly adapt to new work realities and successfully meet the challenges of technological advancements and digital transformation. With our extensive experience in change management, we accompany companies on their journey into the future of work, helping them not just to navigate these changes but to actively shape them.

Do you have any further questions about resistance in Change Management?

Schedule a free web meeting in which we will be happy to answer your questions.

Martina Ksinsik
Martina Ksinsik
Customer Success Manager

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About the author
Corina Leidinger
Corina Leidinger
Corina Leidinger is a member of the Organisational Development team. She brings her personal experience from a US corporation and her know-how in change and project management to our clients with great commitment.

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